# 1. Goal
Calculate the overdue fine of a returned library item. The lending desk calls the
calculation before it prints the receipt. The result gives the days overdue, the
chargeable days, and the fine.

# 2. Open questions
None.

# 3. Context
- Package $TMP contains no object for this task.
- The class is new. No other object is necessary.

# 4. Contract
- Create the class {{P}}OVERDUE_FINE in package $TMP.
- The class is public and final. You can create it with NEW {{P}}OVERDUE_FINE( )
  without parameters.
- The class has these public types:
  - TY_MEDIA: character field, length 8.
  - TY_AMOUNT: packed number, length 8, 2 decimal places.
  - TY_RESULT: structure with the components DAYS_OVERDUE (type i),
    CHARGEABLE_DAYS (type i), and FINE (type TY_AMOUNT).
- The class has one public method:
  CALCULATE
    IMPORTING iv_due_date TYPE d
              iv_return_date TYPE d
              iv_media TYPE ty_media
    RETURNING VALUE(rs_result) TYPE ty_result.
- Do not add other public methods or public components.

# 5. Business rules
Apply the rules in this sequence.
1. If iv_return_date is earlier than or equal to iv_due_date, return
   DAYS_OVERDUE = 0, CHARGEABLE_DAYS = 0, and FINE = 0.00. Stop.
2. DAYS_OVERDUE is the number of calendar days from iv_due_date to iv_return_date.
3. The media code gives the daily rate and the grace days:
   - BOOK: daily rate 0.30, grace 7 days
   - DVD: daily rate 1.50, grace 2 days
   - GAME: daily rate 2.50, grace 0 days
   Compare the media code exactly. If the media code is not in this list, return
   CHARGEABLE_DAYS = 0 and FINE = 0.00. Keep DAYS_OVERDUE from rule 2. Stop.
4. CHARGEABLE_DAYS is DAYS_OVERDUE minus the grace days. If this value is less
   than 0, CHARGEABLE_DAYS is 0.
5. FINE is CHARGEABLE_DAYS multiplied by the daily rate.
6. If DAYS_OVERDUE is greater than 30, add a reminder fee of 5.00 to FINE.
7. If FINE is greater than 25.00, FINE is 25.00.

# 6. Constraints
- Release target: SAP_BASIS 816 (ABAP Platform 2025).
- Coding standards: Clean ABAP. Method length below 40 statements. No global
  variables. No comment that restates the code.
- Out of scope: no other object.

# 7. Acceptance
- The class is active and has no syntax error.
- The hidden tests pass.
- Write your own ABAP Unit tests for the class.